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''This article is about the legal philosopher. For other uses, see John Austin (disambiguation).'' John Austin (3 March 1790, Creeting Mill, Suffolk – 1 December 1859, Weybridge, Surrey) was a noted British jurist and published extensively concerning the philosophy of law and jurisprudence. Austin served with the British Army in Sicily and Malta, but sold his officer's commission to study law. He became a member of the Bar during 1818. He discontinued his law practice soon after, devoted himself to the study of law as a science, and became Professor of Jurisprudence in the University of London (now University College London) 1826-33. Thereafter he served on various Royal Commissions. His publications had a profound influence on English jurisprudence. They include ''The Province of Jurisprudence Determined'' (1832), and ''Lectures on Jurisprudence''. On 24 August 1819, Austin married Sarah Taylor, who also became an author, at St George Colegate, Norwich. He also introduced command theory and sovereignty theory. ==Theory of legal positivism== The three basic points of Austin's theory of law are that: * the law is command issued by the uncommanded commander—the sovereign; * such commands are backed by threats of sanctions; and * a sovereign is one who is habitually obeyed Austin's view of 'a sovereign' was challenged by Henry Maine in "Early Institutions" where he argues that in some Empires of the Orient there is nothing to correspond with "determinate superior" or sovereign. Austin was greatly influenced in his utilitarian approach to law by Jeremy Bentham. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Austin (legal philosopher)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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